Glutamate concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex in alcohol dependence

Alcohol dependence-related increase of glial cell density in the anterior cingulate cortex of suicide completers.

BACKGROUND Suicide is the most serious consequence of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; Brodmann area [BA] 24) has been increasingly investigated for its role in the etiology of MDD, there is surprisingly very little information about the possible implication of this brain region in suicide. We hypothesized that changes in BA24 cell densities occur in...

Application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for evaluating metabolic alteration in anterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often the prodromal stage to AD. Most patients with MCI harbor the pathologic changes of AD and demonstrate transition to AD at a rate of 10–15% per year. Accumulating evidence indicates that the asymmetry changes of left and right brain have happened in the early stage of A...

GABA concentration in the human anterior cingulate cortex predicts negative BOLD response in fMRI

Plasticity of metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression in the anterior cingulate cortex after amputation.

Long-term depression (LTD) is a key form of synaptic plasticity important in learning and information storage in the brain. It has been studied in various cortical regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). ACC is a crucial cortical region involved in such emotion-related physiological and pathological conditions as fear memory and chronic pain. In the present study, we used a mult...

Multiple signals in anterior cingulate cortex

Activity in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been linked both to commitment to a course of action, even when it is associated with costs, and to exploring or searching for alternative courses of action. Here we review evidence that this is due to the presence of multiple signals in ACC reflecting the updating of beliefs and internal models of the environment and encoding aspects of choice va...